I Ching

For solo percussion

By Leif Thomsen



    Composed 1982

    Dedicated to Gert Mortensen

    First performance (all four movements) on 29.10 1983, with Gert Mortensen

    Length: 29 min.

 



The percussion work I Ching was composed in 1982, in the middle of Nørgård's 'Wölfli phase'. The first performance of the 3rd and 4th movements took place in Stockholm on 30 September 1982 in connection with the Scandinavian Soloist Biennial. The 1st, 3rd and 4th movements were performed for the first time in Denmark on 31.10.1982 at the Glyptoteket Museum in Copenhagen.

A rare genre

Concert music for solo percussion is rare, and I Ching has become a popular work, certainly on of the most popular of Nørgård's percussion works. It is often performed, despite the exotic and expensive range of instruments called for. Moreover, in terms of technique it is a very demanding work, as regards tempo, rhythmical flexibility and the actual physical performance - the musician really has to work, especially in the long final movement.

Physical music

There is a commonly-held prejudice about classical music (as opposed to rock and other kinds of rhythm music), that it lacks the physical side (the 'body'). The underlying supposition here, is of course that corporeality is something positive. This is not the place to discuss such an idea: does a rhythmical stamping beat feel more 'physical' than the act of counting one's upper teeth with the tip of one's tongue?

However, in the light of the common connotations of the concept of 'physical', one may admit that I Ching is physical music, especially if one has seen the work performed: the percussionist stands in the middle of a sea of instruments, and moves around in between them - all the time. In all the movements, one sees what one hears. This gives the music a special sensual and physical appeal, which together with the catchy melodies and the very visual rhythmic process make the work a very intense piece of music to experience.



The book of transformations

Transformation - the central concept in Nørgård's verdant universe - requires something that can be transformed. In the Chinese book of oracles, I Ching, this is life itself; life is divided into several stages and can be interpreted as a combination of yin and yang. The book of oracles contains 64 possible combinations in the form of hexagrams, that is, 64 states or conditions found in all living things. The hexagrams consist of six horizontal lines, each of which can be broken or unbroken. Take a look at the illustration, where the hexagrams form a circle around the infinity series.



Four movements

Nørgård has selected four of these hexagrams:

No. 51:

Thunder Repeated: The Image of Shock

No.  9:

The Taming Power of the Small

No. 57:

The Gentle, the Permanent

No. 64:

Towards Completion: Fire over Water


Nørgård often uses four movements in his large chamber music works, often in the form we see here: long first and fourth movements, both revealing considerable development, enclose two shorter movements, much more individual in character. Trio op.15, for example, reveals the same construction.


World music

Common to all four movements is the use of many exotic percussion instruments. Nørgård has travelled a lot in India and Indonesia (Bali), so many instruments from these cultures as well as from Africa and other parts of Asia can be heard. One can clearly hear that the music is composed (the soloist is only required to improvise in short sections), but unless one is aware of the fact, it is hard to hear that the music was written by a European composer.




No. 51:

Thunder Repeated: The Image of Shock

No.  9:

The Taming Power of the Small

No. 57:

The Gentle, the Permanent

No. 64:

Towards Completion: Fire over Water